{"id":1230,"date":"2024-11-25T10:01:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/?p=1230"},"modified":"2025-02-11T14:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T13:14:52","slug":"estimer-les-distances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/estimer-les-distances\/","title":{"rendered":"Estimer les distances"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Estimer les distances<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le primitif mesure presque toujours la distance entre les rep\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019aide du temps et non de l\u2019espace, mais nous avons si bien perdu le sens du temps et nous sommes si accoutum\u00e9s \u00e0 mesurer l\u2019espace sur des cartes que nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons penser en termes de distances.<\/p>

Pour mesurer les distances, les sp\u00e9cialistes utilisent un t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e8tre mais un scout doit pouvoir se d\u00e9brouiller plus simplement. Il est excellent de s\u2019entrainer rapidement \u00e0 mesurer les dimensions d\u2019un objet, cela peut rendre de grands services. Ainsi lorsque tu auras \u00e0 traverser une rivi\u00e8re ou \u00e0 jeter un pont au-dessus d\u2019elle, tu sauras \u00e0 quoi tu t\u2019engages et prendras tes dispositions en cons\u00e9quence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Estimer les distances<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Si tu estimes les distances \u00e0 vue d\u2019\u0153il droit devant toi, n\u2019oublie pas que certaines conditions rapprochent les objets et que d\u2019autres les \u00e9loignent.<\/p>\n

Un objet semble beaucoup plus pr\u00e8s qu\u2019il ne l\u2019est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 quand\u00a0:<\/p>\n

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  • tu regardes vers le haut ou vers le bas, \u00e0 mi-flanc d\u2019une colline,<\/li>\n
  • l\u2019objet re\u00e7oit beaucoup de lumi\u00e8re,<\/li>\n
  • tu regardes une surface d\u2019eau, de neige, de sable,<\/li>\n
  • l\u2019air est limpide (temps tr\u00e8s clair).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Il semble beaucoup plus loin qu\u2019il ne l\u2019est quand\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • la lumi\u00e8re est faible (temps brumeux),<\/li>\n
    • la couleur de l\u2019objet se confond avec l\u2019arri\u00e8re-plan,<\/li>\n
    • l\u2019objet se trouve au bout d\u2019une longue avenue, rue, chemin ou promenade,<\/li>\n
    • tu regardes un terrain ondul\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Table des distances<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \u00c0 50 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\non distingue facilement la bouche et les yeux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 100 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\nles yeux sont des points<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 200 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\non distingue les grands d\u00e9tails des v\u00eatements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 300 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\non voit encore les visages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 400 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\non aper\u00e7oit la couleur des v\u00eatements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 700 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\nune silhouette humaine ressemble \u00e0 un piquet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 1500 m\u00e8tres<\/td>\non peut voir les gros troncs d\u2019arbres<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 4 kilom\u00e8tres<\/td>\non voit chemin\u00e9es et fen\u00eatres<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 10 kilom\u00e8tres<\/td>\nles moulins, les grandes maisons, les tours sont reconnaissables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c0 15 kilom\u00e8tres<\/td>\nun clocher d\u2019\u00e9glise de taille moyenne se voit encore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Angles<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Maintenant un peu de math\u00e9matiques\u00a0: il te faut conna\u00eetre les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du milli\u00e8me. Le milli\u00e8me est une mesure d\u2019angle. Il y en a 6 400 dans une circonf\u00e9rence. C\u2019est aussi, grossi\u00e8rement, l\u2019angle sous lequel on voit un m\u00e8tre si on est plac\u00e9 \u00e0 1 000 m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Ceci te permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer \u00e0 quelle distance se trouve un objet dont tu connais les dimensions en appliquant la formule suivante (dite \u00ab\u00a0formule du milli\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      Distance en km = Dimensions de l\u2019objet \/ Angle sous lequel on voit l\u2019objet en milli\u00e8mes<\/p>\n

      Exemple\u00a0: Une maison de 10 m\u00e8tres de hauteur, vue sous un angle de 5 milli\u00e8mes se trouve \u00e0 10\/5 = 2 km.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Encore faut-il \u00e9valuer cet angle. L\u2019astuce est dans ta main. Place l\u00e0 devant tes yeux, bras tendu. Les doigts couvrent approximativement les angles suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Le primitif mesure presque toujours la distance entre les rep\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019aide du temps et non de l\u2019espace, mais nous avons si bien perdu le sens du temps et nous sommes si accoutum\u00e9s \u00e0 mesurer l\u2019espace sur des cartes que nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons penser en termes de distances.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-le-terrain-et-la-carte"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1230"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6197,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1230\/revisions\/6197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}