{"id":1247,"date":"2024-11-25T10:11:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/?p=1247"},"modified":"2025-02-11T14:14:20","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T13:14:20","slug":"les-courbes-de-niveau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/les-courbes-de-niveau\/","title":{"rendered":"Les courbes de niveau"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1247\" class=\"elementor elementor-1247\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8041808 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8041808\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7caf085\" data-id=\"7caf085\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb47f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eb47f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les courbes de niveau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-721ab5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"721ab5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d46eb97\" data-id=\"d46eb97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0632d36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0632d36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9dcbae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9dcbae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eef63c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eef63c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a70d9b\" data-id=\"1a70d9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ea70d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ea70d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour dessiner les courbes de niveau, il faut d\u00e9couper le terrain en \u00ab\u00a0tranches\u00a0\u00bb, que l\u2019on projette ensuite sur du papier, comme indiqu\u00e9 ci-contre.<\/p><p>L\u2019\u00e9paisseur\u00a0\u00bb des tranches est constante : elle est appel\u00e9e \u00e9quidistance des courbes et elle est indiqu\u00e9e dans le cartouche de la carte.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Tous les cinq ou dix courbes, une courbe ma\u00eetresse est dessin\u00e9e en gras, avec l\u2019indication de son altitude. Les chiffres de cette courbe sont toujours \u00e9crits dans le sens de la mont\u00e9e.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Enfin, les points c\u00f4t\u00e9s (ici 187) donnent l\u2019altitude de points particuliers qui compl\u00e8tent les courbes de niveau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06e4dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"06e4dca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-265fed3\" data-id=\"265fed3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42df8da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42df8da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"371\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/99\/2024\/11\/113-dr-courbes-niveaux-1-8ffc4.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1249\" alt=\"113 dr courbes niveaux 1 8ffc4\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e64586c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e64586c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c81eb42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c81eb42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb5b370\" data-id=\"eb5b370\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ddae0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"30ddae0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2208b26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2208b26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Calculer l\u2019altitude d\u2019un point - m\u00e9thode th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-478f59d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"478f59d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f650864\" data-id=\"f650864\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc4c23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfc4c23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour calculer l\u2019altitude d\u2019un point, il faut d\u2019abord \u00e9tudier les courbes de niveau et les points c\u00f4t\u00e9s.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Trois points A, B et C ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indiqu\u00e9s sur le sch\u00e9ma ci-contre.<\/p><ul class=\"spip\"><li>le point A est sur un point cot\u00e9\u00a0: son altitude est de 187m<\/li><li>le point B est sur une courbe de niveau\u00a0: son altitude est de 170 m<\/li><li>le point C&#8230; c\u2019est plus compliqu\u00e9\u00a0!<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Comme C est situ\u00e9 entre deux courbes de niveau, il faut commencer par dessiner la ligne la plus courte entre les deux courbes et passant par le point C\u00a0: c\u2019est la ligne de plus grande pente.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Ensuite, il faut mesurer la longueur de cette ligne. Ici 5mm.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>Puis il faut mesurer la distance entre la courbe la plus basse (ici 120m) et le point\u00a0: on trouve 1,5mm dans l\u2019exemple.<\/li><\/ul><p>Enfin, une r\u00e8gle de trois permet de calculer le d\u00e9nivel\u00e9\u00a0: dans l\u2019exemple si 5mm repr\u00e9sentent une \u00e9l\u00e9vation de 10m (la diff\u00e9rence d\u2019altitude entre deux courbes, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire l\u2019\u00e9quidistance), alors 1,5mm correspond \u00e0 1,5 x 10 \/ 5 = 3m.<br class=\"manualbr\" \/>L\u2019altitude du point est donc de 120m + 3m = 123m.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9477796\" data-id=\"9477796\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81ba4d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"81ba4d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"293\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/99\/2024\/11\/114-dr-courbes-niveaux-1-8538c.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1250\" alt=\"114 dr courbes niveaux 1 8538c\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6e6d3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6e6d3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c3b470\" data-id=\"1c3b470\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7537b51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7537b51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-607ddf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"607ddf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2be9764\" data-id=\"2be9764\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5881244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5881244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Calculer l\u2019altitude d\u2019un point - m\u00e9thode pratique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b85da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89b85da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En fait, il ne sert quasiment \u00e0 rien de savoir calculer l\u2019altitude exact d\u2019un point entre deux lignes de niveaux et cela pour deux raisons\u00a0:<\/p><ul class=\"spip\"><li>la premi\u00e8re est que l\u2019on ne sait \u00e0 priori pas comment est le terrain entre les deux courbes et la m\u00e9thode de calcul n\u2019est exact que si le terrain a une pente parfaitement rectiligne entre les deux lignes de niveau ce qui est rarement le cas.<\/li><li>la deuxi\u00e8me est que m\u00eame les appareils de calcul indiquant les altitudes\u00a0: les altim\u00e8tres ne savent donner qu\u2019une altitude \u00e0 +\/- 5m pr\u00e8s pour les plus pr\u00e9cis.<\/li><\/ul><p>Pour donner l\u2019altitude d\u2019un point il est donc suffisant d\u2019indiquer l\u2019altitude de la lignes de niveau la plus proche et d\u2019admettre que toutes les indications d\u2019altitudes sont donn\u00e9s \u00e0 +\/- 5m pr\u00e8s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour dessiner les courbes de niveau, il faut d\u00e9couper le terrain en \u00ab\u00a0tranches\u00a0\u00bb, que l\u2019on projette ensuite sur du papier, comme indiqu\u00e9 ci-contre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-le-terrain-et-la-carte"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1247"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6191,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1247\/revisions\/6191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}