{"id":4176,"date":"2025-01-30T10:22:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T09:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/?p=4176"},"modified":"2025-02-11T14:48:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T13:48:49","slug":"composition-de-plan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/composition-de-plan\/","title":{"rendered":"Composition de plan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Composition de plan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les points forts de l\u2019image<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Toute image, qu\u2019elle soit dessin, tableau, photographie ou image vid\u00e9o est compos\u00e9e de points forts. Ces points forts sont des donn\u00e9es th\u00e9oriques, \u00e9prouv\u00e9es dans l\u2019art pictural. Une image est classiquement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e autour de son centre, de fa\u00e7on sym\u00e9trique (tous les personnages ont la m\u00eame valeur) ou asym\u00e9trique (un personnage figure au premier plan). De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale il faut \u00e9viter de diviser le cadre en parties \u00e9gales, et opter plut\u00f4t pour la r\u00e8gles 2\/3-1\/3. Elle consiste \u00e0 diviser mentalement le cadre en tiers \u00e9gaux, par deux lignes horizontales et deux ligne verticales. Les points de croisement de ces lignes sont les points forts de l\u2019image. En pla\u00e7ant le sujet principal sur l\u2019un de ces quatre points, on obtient automatiquement une image asym\u00e9trique et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e.<\/p>

Sch\u00e9ma 1 : les points forts de l\u2019image selon la r\u00e8gles des tiers. (ici format TV 4\/3)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"plan\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lorsque l\u2019on compose un plan il faut tenir compte des ces lignes de force qui en leurs intersections comportent les points forts. Il faut noter que cette r\u00e8gle est une base. Toutes les lignes qui divisent ou recoupent cette base doivent servir au bon cadrage.<\/p>

\u00a0Sch\u00e9ma 2 : exemple de lignes d\u2019intersection \u00ab accessoires \u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prenons un exemple. Dans le cas suivant le soleil est \u00e0 l\u2019intersection de la ligne de force sup\u00e9rieure et de la ligne de force de droite. La ligne d\u2019horizon repose sur la ligne de force sup\u00e9rieure, tandis que la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation au premier plan vient couper les 3 \u00ab\u00a0cases\u00a0\u00bb du centre 4, 5, 6.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cette image est compos\u00e9e en tiers sur la verticale avec\u00a0:<\/p>

un tiers de ciel (1, 2, 3),
un tiers compos\u00e9 \u00e0 parit\u00e9 de mer et de terre (4, 5, 6),
un tiers de terre (7, 8, 9).
Le plan horizontal est \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 par la sym\u00e9trie invers\u00e9e au centre avec\u00a0:<\/p>

la case n\u00b04 est 1\/3 mer 2\/3 terre,
la case n\u00b05 est _ mer _ terre,
la case n\u00b06 est 2\/3 mer et 1\/3 terre.
En respectant ces r\u00e8gles de composition on obtient un plan correct.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Les qualit\u00e9s d\u2019un bon cadre<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Il ne suffit pas que le plan respecte les lignes de forces et les principes de la composition picturale. Un bon cadre doit pr\u00e9senter d\u2019autres qualit\u00e9s accessoires qui sont les suivantes.<\/p>

  • Stabilit\u00e9 Un bon plan est un plan qui ne bouge pas. Il faut en effet \u00e9viter l\u2019\u00e9cueil de la cam\u00e9ra qui bouge. L\u2019usage du tr\u00e9pied est \u00e0 conseiller, surtout lorsque le film est \u00e9crit et que l\u2019on dispose de temps pour le r\u00e9aliser (ce qui n\u2019est pas toujours le cas en reportage).<\/li><\/ul>
    • Parall\u00e9lisme des verticales et des horizontales Toutes les verticales du plan (maison, poteau, personnages, arbres, etc.) doivent \u00eatre parall\u00e8les aux bords verticaux du cadre. Toutes les horizontales doivent \u00eatre parall\u00e8les aux bords horizontaux du cadre. Ce principe n\u2019est pas toujours applicable aux deux dimensions \u00e0 la fois en raison des d\u00e9formations que peut occasionner la cam\u00e9ra. Si les horizontales ne sont pas droites on se r\u00e9f\u00e8re aux verticales. En fait pour ne jamais se tromper il faut faire plus attention aux verticales.<\/li><\/ul>

      Exemple et contre exemple du parall\u00e9lisme des verticales. \u00c0 gauche les verticales respectent le principe \u00e0 droite l\u2019image est de travers. C\u2019est un d\u00e9faut fr\u00e9quent qui affecte les images d\u2019amateurs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Toute image, qu\u2019elle soit dessin, tableau, photographie ou image vid\u00e9o est compos\u00e9e de points forts. Ces points forts sont des donn\u00e9es th\u00e9oriques, \u00e9prouv\u00e9es dans l\u2019art pictural. Une image est classiquement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e autour de son centre, de fa\u00e7on sym\u00e9trique (tous les personnages ont la m\u00eame valeur) ou asym\u00e9trique (un personnage figure au premier plan).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photo-video-film","category-techniques-de-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4176"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6536,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176\/revisions\/6536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scouts-europe.org\/scoutorama\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}